TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Minutes of the Eighty-Second Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science....................................................... 1

Presidential Address: Can we live with our paradigms? Sharon A. Clay................................................................................... 5

Complete Senior Research Papers presented at

The 82nd Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Fishes of the Mainstem Cheyenne River in South Dakota. Douglas R. Hampton and Charles R. Berry, Jr............................. 11

Impacts of the John Morrell Meat Packing Plant on Macroinvertebrates in the Big Sioux River in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Craig N. Spencer, Gwen Warkenthien, Steven F. Lehtinen, Elizabeth A. Ring, and Cullen R. Robbins..... .............................27

Winter Survival and Overwintering Behavior in South Dakota Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda). Jonathan C. Wright.............45

Fluctuations in Daily Activity of Muskrats in Eastern South Dakota. Joel F. Lyons, Craig D. Kost, and Jonathan A. Jenks........................................................................................................................................................................................... 57

Occurrence of Small, Nongame Mammals in South Dakota’s Eastern Border Counties, 1994-1995. Kenneth F. Higgins, Rex R. Johnson, Mark R. Dorhout, and William A. Meeks.............................................................................................................. 65

Use of a Mail Survey to Present Mammal Distributions in South Dakota. Carmen A. Blumberg, Jonathan A. Jenks, and Kenneth F. Higgins.................................................................................................................................................................... 75

A Survey of Natural Resource Professionals Participating in Waterfowl Hunting in South Dakota. Jeffrey S. Gleason and Jonathan A. Jenks....................................................................................................................................................................... 91

The Importance of Conservation Reserve Program Fields to Breeding Grassland Birds at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota. Krecia L. Leddy, David E. Naugle, and Kenneth F. Higgins.............................................................................................................. 105

Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota. Robert E. Usgaard, David E. Naugle, Robert G. Osborn, and Kenneth F. Higgins............................................................................................................... 113

The Origin of Waterfalls in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Charles Michael Ray and Perry H. Rahn.................................. 119

Stable Carbon Isotopes in Celtis (Ulmacaea) from the Beaver Creek Shelter, Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota and Paleoclimatic Interpretations. Mark L. Gabel, Marlina Cowan, and Larry L. Tieszen........................................................... 131

Comparison of Implements for Improving Sodic Rangeland Soils. John Bechtold, F. R. Gartner, E. M. White................... 139

Atrazine and Alachlor Adsorption Characteristics to Benchmark Soil Series in eastern South Dakota. Z. Liu, S.A. Clay, J. Gaffney, and D. Malo.............................................................................................................................................................. 147

Leafy Spurge—A review. Sharon A. Clay and Chad M. Scholes........................................................................................... 171

Stress Effects and Evolution of Direct Development in Echinoid Echinoderms. Leland G. Johnson and Teresa L. Fitzgerald-Brown...................................................................................................................................................................................... 189

Comparing Estimates of Some Bivariate Survival Functions Under Random Censorship. Bonaventure A. Anthonio.................................................................................................................................................................................. 199

Determination of Ozone Optical Depths from Shadowband Radiometer Data. Stephen D. Hawks and Stephen Schiller..................................................................................................................................................................................... 211

Strengthening and Deformation Mechanisms in the First Generation of AL-LI Alloys 2091 and 8090. Dajun Chen and Glen A. Stone................................................................................................................................................................................... 217

Illuminance is a Point Source is an Oscillating Function of Distance in a Hyperspherical Universe. Richard P. Menzel..................................................................................................................................................................................... 225

Sources of Natural Resource Information, Non-Consumptive Use of Wildlife and Changes in South Dakota Residents’ Attitudes Toward Hunting Between 1973 and 1989. Nancy J. Dietz, Kenneth F. Higgins, and Robert D. Mendelsohn............................................................................................................................................................................. 229

Student Opinions About Hunting in South Dakota. Robert D. Mendelsohn, Nancy J. Dietz, and Kenneth F. Higgins.................................................................................................................................................................................... 239

Trace Metals in Water and Sediments of Wetlands in the Rainwater Basin Area of Nebraska. Christine C. Gordon, Lester D. Flake, and Kenneth F. Higgins................................................................................................................................................ 253

Abstracts of Senior Research Papers presented at

The 82nd Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Determining the Prevalance of Whirling Disease in Idaho Rivers. Bryan Ledgerwood, Dale Droge, and Steve Elle.......... 265

A Characterization of Water Chemistry and Plankton from Four Prairie Lakes. Theodore B. McMillan and Lois Haertel..................................................................................................................................................................................... 267

Role of Wetlands in Agricultural Systems. D.H. Rickerl and L.L. Janssen............................................................................ 269

Paleontological Resource Survey of State-Administered Lands in South Dakota. Bruce A. Schumacher, James E. Martin, and Curt Johnson............................................................................................................................................................................ 271

Sedimentology of the Coarse-Grained Deposits from the Quaternary Fossil Lake Area in South-Central Oregon. Janet L. Bertog, James E. Martin, and Allen J. Kihm........................................................................................................................... 273

Fossil Invertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota. James E. Martin, Bruce A. Schumacher, David C. Parris, and Barbara Smith Grandstaff................................................................................................................................................. 275

Additional Quaternary Vertebrates from the Chamber of Lost Souls, Wind Cave National Park, Southwestern South Dakota. James E. Martin and Ruth Anderson....................................................................................................................................... 277

Preliminary Studies on Distribution of Phyllachora on Poaceae. A.C. Gabel, L.H. Tiffany, and M.L. Gabel....................... 279

Studies on a South Dakota Population of Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines. James L. Jones and James

D. Smolik..................................................................................................................................................................................281

Preliminary Examination of the Effect of Direction of Slope of Field on Growth and Yields of Corn Plants in Northwestern Iowa. Troy McKenney and Donna Hazelwood....................................................................................................................... 283

Black Dot Flea Beetle Genetic Diversity as Measured at Two Loci—MDH and PGM. Mark A. Brinkman, Sharon A. Clay, and Nels H. Granholm............................................................................................................................................................. 285

Allelopathy in Echinacea Angustifolia D.C. Roots. Peter A. Jauert and R. Neil Reese......................................................... 287

Allelopathic Potential of Echinacea angustifolia D.C.’s Root Extracts. Kimberly Piechowski and R. Neil Reese............... 289

Thyroxine Effects on Ivertebrate Development. Leland G. Johnson, Jessica E. Kullbom, Stephanie L. Priesz, Shana

N. Strand, and Katherine M. Faber.......................................................................................................................................... 291

Agouti Gene Regulation of Thiol (CYS amd GSH) Concentrations in Livers of Mice. J.T. Brunz, R. N. Reese, and

N. H. Granholm....................................................................................................................................................................... 293

Des-Acetyl-Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells. P. Ramasastry and N.H. Granholm................................................................................................................................................................................. 295

Serum Estradiol Levels in the Lethal Yellow Mouse. Maureen Diggins, Dustin Dierks, Julia Spiry, and Nels Granholm................................................................................................................................................................................. 297

Molecular Characterization of the Bovine Homolog of the Agouti Gene. M.D. Johansen, R.R.R. Rowland, and N.H. Granholm................................................................................................................................................................................. 299

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infects Camelid Cell Lines. A.A. Ali, A.A. Salama, T.A. Aboellail, and C.C. Chase.............301

Use of Digotonin to Differentially Strip the Tegumental Membrane Surrounding the Strobila and Bladder Regions of

Taenia Taeniaformis Strobilocerci. E.J. Olson, D.J. Robison, S.R. Duimstra and M.B. Hildreth...........................................303

Mathematical Analysis of a Model for the Growth of a Single Species Cell: Ribosome Dependence Model. A.S. Elkhader................................................................................................................................................................................... 305

Mathematical Models for the Visualization of Juggling. Richard D. Simmons and Douglas J. Peters................................... 307

Modification of Carbon Electrode Surfaces. Royce C. Engstrom, Brian D. Lamp and Betsy B. Ratcliff.............. ................309

Creating and Imaging Microstructures on Surfaces. Miles Koppang, Robert Carson, Paul Verbanac and Wenchun Chao......................................................................................................................................................................................... 311

South Dakota Academy of Science 1997 Junior Academy Winning Papers

Stuck with Duck Yuck? Justin L. Herreman............................................................................................................................ 315