TABLE OF CONTENTS

Combined Minutes of the 99^th Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science      ………………………………………………………...........………..................…………...1

Presidential Address: There is Always Room for You in Science. Chun Wu....................... 9

Keynote Address: Autonomous Systems. Richard Gowan.................................................. 11

 Senior Research and Symposium Papers Presented at the

99^th Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science

 Permeability of the Inyan Kara Group in the Black Hills Area and Its Relevance to a Proposed In-Situ Leach Uranium Mine. Perry H. Rahn…………………………………………………………………………….............…15

Topographic, Geologic, and Density Distribution Modeling in Support of Physics Experiments at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). K. Hart, T. C. Trancynger, W. Roggenthen, and J. Heise…………………………………......................33

The First Record of Osbornodon (Carnivora: Canidae) from the Orellan of South Dakota. Ed Welsh…………………………………………………...........................……………..43

A Clarendonian Occurrence of the Fossil Insectivore, Plesiosorex (Mammalia), from Washington. James E. Martin……………………………..………..........……………….55

Variability in Micro-Computed Tomography Images for Non-Destructive Evaluation of Friction-Stir Weld Quality. Alex Wulff, William Cross, Michael West, Antonette Logar, and Edward Corwin…………………………………………………..............................…….61

Use of a Commercial Feeding Stimulant During McConaughy Rainbow Trout Rearing. Sarah Zimmerman and Michael E. Barnes………………………………….............……71

An Age-Structured Model for the American Dipper Population in the Black Hills of South Dakota. J. S. Palmer and J. Javed………………………………………......................….79

Population Estimates and Habitat Associations of the Bear Lodge Meadow Jumping Mouse in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Tim R. Mullican…………………........................…89

The Flora of Harding County: A Century of Botany in Northwestern South Dakota, USA. Mark Gabel, B. E. Nelson, Daryl Mergen, Kurt Hansen and Grace Kostel..................... 101

In Silico Analysis of Cis-Regulatory Elements of Disease Resistance Genes Across Six Plant Species. Benjamin V. Benson, Madhav P. Nepal, Lukas G. Davison, P. B. Duwadi, and Brian G. Moore……………………………….......................……………………133

Insights Gained Through Development of Paleontology Outreach Kits for Rapid City Middle School Students. Darrin Pagnac, Jennifer Fowler, and Sally Shelton…..........143

Mobile Application for Educational Assessment. Ross Hoyer and Antonette Logar……………………………………………………………………….…............153

Incorporation of the Department of Energy “Interpret a GEBA Genome” Education Program Into an Under-Graduate Molecular Biology Course. V. M. Geiser………………………………………………………………………...........…..161

Safety On Site: Developing a Science Lab Safety Protocol for Schools. Cathy Mariotti      Ezrailson…………....................................................................................................…177

Abstracts of Senior Research Papers Presented at the

99^th Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science

A Large Underground Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber at SURF for Neutrino Physics and Beyond. Xinhua Bai, Bruce Bleakley, Cabot-Ann Christofferson, Robert Corey, Luke Corwin, Jason Goon, Mike Headley, Jaret Heise, Robert McTaggart, Dongming Mei, Peggy Norris, Andre Petukhov, William Roggenthen, Barbara Szczerbinska, David Taylor, Doug Tiedt, Wenzhao Wei, Douglas Wells, Joshua Willhite, and Chao Zhang for the LBNE Collaboration)……………………………………………………….…….189

Thermochemical Water-Splitting for Hydrogen Generation Using Modified M1xM2yOz. V. S. Amar, J. A. Puszynski and R. V. Shende  190

The Production of a Nanotriangle Lattice for Use in Metal-Enhanced Upconversion of Light. Shaunak Shende, Jon Fisher and Steve Smith        191

Dispersion and Orientation of Organically Modified Montmorrilonite in Nylon 6 Matrix By a Novel Fabrication Method. Ilchgerel Dash and Robb M. Winter         192

Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Thermal Inversion Conditions Reported By South Dakota WRAN Network. Patrick R. Ealy, Adam French, and Andrew Detwiler 193

The Application of Micro-Computer Tomography and 3D Printing to the Study of Fossils. Alex Wulff, Darrin Pagnac, and Antonette Logar           194

Introduction Into the Stabilization and Preservation of the Preparation and Lithology of Paper Shale Fossils of the Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Colorado. Heather L. Falkner        195

An Unknown Ungulate: Identifying a Late Pleistocene Mammoth Co-Habitant at the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota. Wm. Justin Wilkins, Monica M. Bugbee, and Larry D. Agenbroad    196

Taphofacies of Selected Fossil Sites Within the Early Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation in East-Central Utah. M. L. Howard, D. A. Lee, and D. C. Pagnac          197

South Dakota Spider Survey: Updated Findings and Summary. L. Brian Patrick       198

Movement and Hibernation of Ornate Box Turtles in South Dakota. C. Griffith, A. Higa, and H. Quinn          199

Habitat Characteristics of Ornate Box Turtles in South Dakota. A. Higa, D. W. Uresk, and H. Quinn          200

Turbidity of Ovarian Fluid, and Ovarian Fluid Combined With Different Water Sources, in Relation to Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Eyed Egg Survival. Kristen H. Becket Michael E. Barnes, and Dan Durben        201

Algal Biomass Prediction Using a Stella Model. C. J. Tinant       202

Floristic Survey and Vegetation Analysis of Lands Adjacent to the Missouri River on the Lower Brule Sioux Reservation. J. M. Purintun, G. E. Larson, and L. Xu       203

Identification of Differential Agronomic Traits in Early Stage Teosinte, Flint, Dent, and Sugar (Sweet) Corn Varieties in Competition with Weeds. S. A. Hansen, S. A. Clay, D. P. Horvath, and S. Flint-Garcia      204

Comparing Bud Phenology and Development of Smooth Brome and Western Wheatgrass. H. Kan, L. Xu, A. Boe, J. L. Butler, J. P. Ott and Y. Zhang       205

Interpreting Native Upland Tallgrass Prairie Communities of South Dakota’s Prairie Coteau Using Multivariate Methods. Diane M. Narem, Lan Xu, Gary E. Larson, and Dave J. Ode      206

Mob Grazing As a Method of Weed Control in South Dakota. H. K. Myer, S. A. Clay, and A. Smart          207

Impact of Biochar Application On Soil Properties and Herbicide Sorption. Kaitlynn Krack, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, and Thomas Schumacher     208

Improvement of Soil Strength Using an Agricultural By-Product–Preliminary Results. K. Schaefers and S. Nam  209

Examination of the Efficacy of Selected Cleaning Products Used in a Long Term Care Facility Against Two Bacterial Isolates and E. Coli W3104. Taylor Mosco and D. Hazelwood      210

Examination of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli from Redfield Slough Lake County, SD and Lab Strain W3140. Lucas Dolan and D. Hazelwood   211

In Vivo and In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity Of Melilotus alba (White Sweet Clover) from the United States Northern Great Plains on Haemonchus contortus Nematodes. A. Sarah, L. D. Holler, S. Holler, R. N. Reese and M .B. Hildreth   212

Nitrogen Fixing Endophytes Within Pediomelum esculentum. Tyrel Deutscher, Volker Brözel, Leslie Henry, and R. Neil Reese 213

Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Communities in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in the Former Homestake Mine, Lead, SD. D. J. Bergmann, C. M. Anderson, and O. Gorbatenko    214

REU Site: Bringing Us Together, Improving Communications and Lives. Thomas P. Montoya      215

Science, Humanities, and the Challenges of Freshman Multidisciplinary Studies. Rodney Rice and Kathy Antonen     216

Undergraduate Research-Based Natural Science Program at Oglala Lakota College, Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. H. Lagarry, A. Higa, J. Tinant, and D. Sandoval     217

Research Papers and Poster Published by Title Only

at the 99th Annual Meeting

of the South Dakota Academy of Science

Mechanistic Drivers of Variation in Thermogenic Capacity of Small Birds. David Swanson, Yufeng Zhang, and Marisa King. Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069.

Woodpecker Forage Availability within Disturbed Habitat Types in the Black Hills. Brian E. Dickerson1, A. K. Ambourn2, M. A. Rumble1, K. K. Allen2, and C. P. Lehman3. 1U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Rapid City, SD 57702. 2U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Management, Rapid City, SD 57702. 3South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks, Custer State Park, 13329 US Highway 16A, Custer, South Dakota 57730.

In-row and Between-row Weed Control in an Organic Crop Production System. Mauricio Erazo-Barradas1, Sharon Clay1, and Frank Forcella2. 1Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007. 2USDA-ARS North Central Soil Cons. Res. Lab, Morris, MN 56267.

Enhanced Conversion of Lignocellulose to Biofuels. Rajesh Sani. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701.

DNA Methylation Used to Identify Candidate Loci Associated with Drought Induced Trans-generational Plasticity That May Inhibit Range Expansion in Boechera stricta. J. Alsdurf, C. Anderson, and D. Siemens. Integrative Genomics Program, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD 57799.

An Examination of the Impacts of Didymosphenia geminata on Food Web Dynamics in Rapid Creek. L. A. Kunza, R. Marlow, J. McGeary, and J. Z. Haueter. Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701.

The Non-Target Effects of Thiamethoxam on Coleomegilla maculata. Insecticide Transmission via Rhopalosiphum padi Consuming Treated Wheat Plants. Mike Bredeson1, Jonathan Lundgren2, and Neil Reese1. 1South Dakota State University, USDA-ARS, Brooking, SD 57007. 2USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD 57007.

Plant Community Patterns on the Signal Hill Research Natural Area. J. L. Butler and B. E. Dickerson. US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest and Grassland Research Laboratory. Rapid City, SD 57702.

In Silico Analysis of Disease Resistance Genes in Cultivated Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.: Poaceae). E. J. Anderson, E. A. Opitz, B.V. Benson, and M. P. Nepal. Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.

In Silico Analysis of Disease Resistance Genes in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica: Poaceae). E. A. Opitz, E. J. Anderson, B.V. Benson, and M. P. Nepal. Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.

Genetic Structure of Endangered Populations of Native Mulberry in the Upper Midwest USA. S. J. Schreier. S. Piya, and M.P. Nepal. Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.

What Makes Weather Events Memorable? K. J. Haselhorst. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701.

Identifying a Productive Rhythm in the Chemistry Laboratory using Observational Data of an Innovative First- and Second-year Instructional Laboratory Sequence. Matthew L. Miller, David P. Cartrette, and Angelica Reyes. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.

The Flipped Classroom Experience in Chemistry 106. Melody Jewell. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University-University Center Campus, Sioux Falls, SD 57107.

Vegetation Trends of Sagebrush Habitat near Greater Sage Grouse Leks in Northwestern South Dakota after 20 Years. Daryl E. Mergen1, Carin J. Corley1, Charles D. Bonham2, Shelly Deisch1, Dave Ode2, and Samantha L. Nichols1. 1Mergen Ecological Delineations, Inc., 1835 Parkview Boulevard, Colorado Springs, CO 80905.UniScale Corporation, Loveland, CO 80537. 3South Dakota Game Fish & Parks Department, Pierre, SD 57501.